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ELECTRICAL ENERGY & CLIMATE CHANGE

The western world relies on a stable, regular comparatively cheap supply of generated electricity! Much of it Coal or Gas fired. Today in Australia for various reasons, this has become a problem, particularly the costs to consumers. Prices have risen around 200% in recent years & over a fairly short time span.

It has been said by several Queensland State Government people that placing the Retail electricity market in private enterprise hands would bring down the price of energy to the consumer??

COMPETITION IN THE MARKET PLACE WOULD ENSURE THAT WAS SO!

In Queensland, the wholesale supply of electricity is almost a complete Government-owned monopoly, which in turn takes a considerable dividend, $378 m 2016/17 & a predicted $463m 2017/18 (Queensland Government budget papers 2017/18). This same State Government is saying regularly that cheap energy is required by a small business to be viable in this competitive world?

Let me be very clear here! This government takes a considerable dividend & then says that we need cheap power to be competitive & that same Government is saying again on a regular basis that it is all about creating jobs? Would someone explain to this naive writer how that is supposed to work, when our State Government imposes a backdoor tax on all electricity consumers in Queensland?

Is this creating jobs? The small businesses of Queensland are our largest employers, One may not have a job if this backdoor tax, puts these businesses into liquidation!!!! The State Government is using this electrical dividend to prop up their treasury!!!!! They justify this by blaming the retail power companies, who in turn are saying that the ancient infrastructure that they inherited needs considerable investment to bring it up the modern standards???? Who owns this infrastructure?

As I understand this Energy Queensland!!! Energy Queensland is a State Government entity! Makes one wonder, just a bit?? That is the costing conundrum. Now the Environmental Question? We are constantly told that Global warming is caused by manmade pollution or variations of this theme, & that CO2 is the main greenhouse gas that affects the atmosphere. Well yes in some ways that is true, however, let me ask a question here, Is it not so that CO2 is the main food source for trees & all other plants? (I will not spoil the politicians thinking on this by mentioning the Chlorophyll cycle), after all, the chemical symbol CO2, is easy to say when they are throwing out some speech that may see them as caring environmentalists?

Carbon Monoxide (CO) kills far more people than CO2, yet only makes up around 5/8% of the emission combustion exhaust gasses, given off. Another question that comes to mind, is it too much CO2 being produced that causes this pollution, or is the fact that too many trees worldwide have been cut down? Some 25 years ago the Amazon valley was credited with the production of around 20% of the world’s oxygen, today that figure is around 8/12%, it varies depending on one’s source.

Let me take this a little further, the Standing forests of Malaysia, New Guinea & the Philippines were once the largest Pristine forests in the world, in recent years they have been harvested to a very large degree, leaving vast tracts barren or under local cultivation. I think that the only policy that the Greens have correct is that trees should not be cut down unless absolutely necessary, I would add that we all should plant some additional trees, maybe then we would get some of that oxygen back?

Has anyone noticed that the “Global Warming” theme has changed to “Climate Change”? Well just maybe that is because in the past decade or so, we have not had an increase in world average temperatures!!! Sure some parts have had warmer than average temperatures, while others are colder than Average. Weather patterns have a reasonably predictable cycle, these weather cycles are proven by the various core samples taken around the world, showing patterns that are millions of years old!

The link to electricity & Climate Change is the fact that most of our electricity is generated using either Coal or gas-powered boilers to generate the steam to power the turbines that in turn generate electricity. The burning of these Fossil fuels does give off exhaust gasses, however when the Television programs show all the gas escaping into the atmosphere, that is good television, not in fact the escaping exhaust greenhouse gasses, it is the steam cooling tower exhaust condensing into the atmosphere! Never let the truth get in the way of good television!!!!!

The modern power station is required to have a standard of emission, set by regulatory authorities that keep these emissions within the regulations, Scrubbers & other technologies are in use to follow this requirement! That is not to say that they are clean altogether, they do emit some greenhouse gasses, however, if one includes all our best technological efforts with both Internal combustion engines in motor vehicles & power company emissions all in one, then consider that just one Volcanic eruption anywhere in the world will place all those manmade emissions into insignificance!!!!

That does not mean that we should not apply technology to cleaning up our own emissions, we do contribute, but no where near what the doomsayers are spruiking at this time! After all, every little bit helps! Cheers, Bill HINTE, JP, Qual. Dip Engineering. Dip, Teaching. (Retired)

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WATER SAVING TIPS

  • Turn the water off while you brush your teeth.
  • Shower with a friend.
  • Use your automatic dishwasher and clothes washer for full loads only.
  • Keep a bottle of cold water in the refrigerator. This eliminates the need to run the tap water until it is cold enough to drink.
  • Check your toilet for leaks by putting a few drops of food colouring in your tank. If the colour shows up in the toilet bowl without flushing, you have a wasteful leak that is costing you money and is wasting water.
  • Take shorter showers. Time yourself!
  • Use a broom instead of water to clean your driveways, patios and sidewalks.
  • Don’t run the hose while washing your car. Instead, fill a bucket with soapy water and then rinse.
  • Only water your lawn when necessary. If the grass springs back after you step on it, then it does not need to be watered.
  • Recycle water from fish tanks. Use it to water plants. Fish emulsion is a good, inexpensive fertilizer high in nitrogen and phosphorous.
  • Check your taps for leaks today. Replace worn washers.
  • Never pour toxic chemicals down the drain, on the ground, or in the trash.
  • Choose natural household cleaners like borax, ammonia, vinegar, and baking soda and recycle hazardous household waste at waste collection centres.
  • Promote water conservation by watering trees and plants only once a week.
  • Place a layer of mulch around trees and plants to retain water.

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Home and garden – Weed Killers that WON’T Harm Plants

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Weeds are also called “invasive plants” because they invade your garden and spread. If left unchecked, a weed infestation can take over an entire yard and turn it into an eyesore. Many people have trouble dealing with aggressive weeds because the poisons and weed killers that work on the weeds also harm your regular garden plants. The following homemade natural weed killers are all options you can exercise that will target weeds specifically and leave your other plants safe and sound.

Homemade natural weed killers

VINEGAR

You probably have a weed killer in your home right this very minute. If not, you can buy one at any grocery store: vinegar. Get undiluted white vinegar and pour it into a spray bottle. Spray the vinegar directly on the weeds you wish to eliminate, and you’ll notice results within hours. Unlike many chemically created weed killing agents, vinegar is a natural and perfectly safe substance for you, your children, and your pets.

Vinegar can be safely ingested (though the taste is rather unpleasant), and it can be touched with bare skin. Vinegar is also affordable when compared with formulated chemical killers. For best results, spray vinegar during a sunny day with minimal wind. The wind can carry vinegar away from weeds, and that’s not what you want. Vinegar can have adverse effects on other plants, but if you spray weeds directly it will not harm your other greenery or the soil itself.

Vinegar is also an effective way to control garden bugs and pests. Spray it in areas where you’ve seen ants, slugs, or stray cats. The smell will keep them away.

BAKING SODA

You don’t have vinegar on hand? What about baking soda? This is another safe product that can be used for weed control. Spread baking soda directly on weed-ridden areas to make the soil less hospitable to weeds. Baking soda can easily be sprinkled into cracks and crevices where weeds appear, such as sidewalks and driveways.

SALTWATER

You can also boil two cups of water on the stove and add one cup of salt. Be sure to handle the boiling water carefully as you pour it directly onto weeds. Plain salt can also be used without the water, but you want to exercise caution with this. “Salting the fields” is known for making the soil inhospitable to plant life of all kinds, so you want to be judicious.

MULCH

Spread mulch in the garden and landscaped areas to smother weed growth. If you notice weeds appearing in these areas, anyway, cover the area with newspaper. The newspaper will prevent light and air from getting to the soil, and that will kill weeds. Don’t cover the plants you want to save.

Conclusion The best natural way to prevent weeds is to maintain a healthy lawn. Thick, lush grass offers little bare soil that weeds can latch onto. Keep your lawn looking good, and you’ll see a lot fewer weeds.

Eliminate weeds safely by treating them directly and keeping your soil healthy. If you treat the weeds directly, you can get rid of the ones you don’t want and save all the others.

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Proposed Seaweed Farm to be located Southern end of Pumicestone Passage BIEPA In Moreton Bay Marine Park

The Bribie Island Environmental Protection Association (BIEPA) has been actively caring for our special habitat and its residents for 41 years. BIEPA supports, in principle, as does Healthy Land and Water, the establishment of commercial seaweed farm industries in Australia. A seaweed farm in Moreton Bay Marine Park could compliment the Pumicestone Shellfish Reef Restoration Project in helping to improve the declining health of the Pumicestone Passage and Moreton Bay Marine Park.

These projects will help to return healthy ecosystem services – a healthy economy depends on a healthy environment, especially a sustainable tourism industry in the Moreton Bay region. Seaweed Farms appear to tick all three boxes of the Triple Bottom Line test for long term business viability – economically, socially and environmentally. The Australian Seaweed Institute first brought their proposal to the local community’s attention over a year ago in August 2018.

A documentary film about the Australian Seaweed Institute and seaweed farming titled, “2040 – Join the REGENERATION”, was to be shown at the Bribie Island Cinema at 6:00 pm Wednesday 28th August 2018. The screening was cancelled due to lack of bookings. At that time the proponents also shared a comprehensive information package about the proposed seaweed farm and its business model: to build “a new seaweed industry for Queensland that would create jobs in coastal areas while protecting and enhancing our bays and oceans”.

Scientists from the University of the Sunshine Coast have been researching the viability of seaweed farms in Moreton Bay for some time at the Woorim Aquaculture Research Centre. Professor Tim Flannery authored, “Sunlight and Seaweed – An Argument for How to Feed, Power and Clean up the World”. The proponents of the seaweed farm venture in Moreton Bay Marine Park are part of a new generation of entrepreneurs whose mandate is to make a positive impact, socially (jobs), environmentally and economically (region) in areas where they do business.

At the Sandstone Point Community Association Information Evening (held 16th October 2019), Jo Kelly, one of the proponents, presented and explained in depth their business model and plans, the processes which the project needed to complete for government approvals (such as an Environmental Impact Assessment) and their plans for funding sources. Regarding funding sources: Again, this is an example of how the new generation of entrepreneurs operates.

Ms Kelly explained that once the necessary Governmental requirements had been met and approved, they would continue to seek funding from “Impact Investors”. These are investors who expect their investments to make a positive impact, socially and environmentally. The Bank Australia is one such bank whose mandate is to “put people before profit”. There were many valid enquiries raised by the local community about the impacts of this concept of seaweed farms In Australia.

The audience learned that presently eight Asian nations produce 99% of farmed seaweed; and most importantly, seaweed farms do not need arable land; do not need fresh water for irrigation and do not need fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides. Seaweed is one of the very few foods produced commercially that can have a positive impact on the environment.

Some people were concerned about undesirable sea views that could affect real estate values; some asked where the seaweed would be dried; what would happen if the project failed; would there be excess noise from the boats attending the farm. As was explained, the lowest astronomical tide (LOT) mark is at least 800 metres across the mudflats from real estate and the seaweed farm will be located at least 50 metres beyond the LOT.

Markers will be colours that blend with the ocean colours. And the boats will be moving slowly when on site. Essentially, the seaweed farm would be a kilometre from real estate views across the mangroves and mudflats. The audience heard that plastic was not the only option for the lines holding the seaweed baskets and the farm will cultivate only local native species of seaweed.

As the migratory shorebirds feed primarily in mudflats, intertidal zones, mangroves, beaches and coastal wetlands, it is unlikely they would become entangled in the seaweed farm lines that will be situated in the ocean beyond the mudflats. As studies have demonstrated the positive impacts of seaweed farms are evident. Seaweed farms and Shellfish Reefs are helping to clean unhealthy waterways that are suffering from everincreasing pollution and silt from coastal developments.

They remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P); absorb heavy metals and CO2 (become carbon sinks); create habitat for marine life and will likely increase the fish found around the area for anglers. Seaweed farms do not sterilise the ocean floor with waste matter, as do fish and prawn farms. Certainly, seaweed farms do not have the negative impacts, environmentally, visually, socially and economically created by the uncontrolled and unrestricted aggressive and destructive “leisure” activities already allowed in the Moreton Bay Marine Park.

Jet skis, powerboats, 4WD recreational vehicles, for example, are having devastating impacts on passive leisure seekers and our internationally protected waterway and foreshore habitats upon which endangered species rely for caring for our special habitat and its resident’s survival. Not to mention, fireworks, loud open-air concerts and the increased use of beaches adjacent to Conservation Park for off-leash dog recreation.

BIEPA is confident, the seaweed farm is one commercial enterprise that will be the least invasive, compared with the negative impacts other recent business, recreational and unsustainable tourism activities are having on local communities. special habitat and its resident’s survival. Not to mention, fireworks, loud open-air concerts and the increased use of beaches adjacent to Conservation Park for off-leash dog recreation.

BIEPA is confident, the seaweed farm is one commercial enterprise that will be the least invasive, compared with the negative impacts other recent business, recreational and unsustainable tourism activities are having on local communities.

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What does having the coronavirus feel like?

A doctor explains how COVID-19 attacks the body and why it can make us feel so awful.

When Dr. Clare Gerada, a 60-year-old general practitioner (GP) and former chair of the Royal College of GPs in the UK, recently caught coronavirus, she said it was “the worst I have ever felt” and “worse than childbirth”.

She tested positive for COVID-19 and wrote about her experience of the illness online.

Thankfully Dr. Gerada is making a full recovery but hearing first-hand what it is like to have the illness got me thinking about how the virus attacks the body and why it makes us feel so bad.

Why do we get a fever and cough? Where does the sore throat come from and why do some people suffer from diarrhoea? To understand this, we need to understand how the virus takes control of our bodies.

COVID-19 is like all other viruses in that it needs a host – in this case, the human body – to help it to reproduce and spread. A virus is basically a piece of genetic material that cannot do much on its own. It has to invade the body of a living creature in order to reproduce – without this it will die.

A virus is not the same as a bacteria, in that it does not need to eat, drink, excrete waste or rest. It has only one job and that is to reproduce by duplicating itself, but it can only do that once it has found a suitable host.

corona virus italy
Medical personnel help patients inside the Spedali Civili hospital in Brescia, Italy on March 13, 2020 [REUTERS/Flavio Lo Scalzo/File Photo]
COVID-19 is not the only type of coronavirus there is. Other types of coronavirus include the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV).

All types of coronavirus can be transmitted from animals to people – a characteristic known as being zoonotic. COVID-19 is thought to have originated in a wildlife market in China.

The COVID-19 virus is spherical in shape with a crown or “corona” of club-shaped spikes on its surface, hence its name.

As with all viruses, the COVID-19 coronavirus’s main route of transmission is through droplets. Infected people cough or sneeze these droplets out; they are loaded with viruses and other people either breathe them in or touch a surface on which the droplet has landed, then touch their face and breathe it in and, voila, they have contracted it.

The journey and symptoms of a coronavirus

Once you have breathed it in, the virus quickly travels to the back of your throat and nose.

The lining of the nose and throat is called the mucosa and this is what those club-shaped spikes attach themselves to before they start getting to work.

When it reaches the back of your nose, the COVID-19 virus will take over your nasal passageway cells. It will get inside them and re-programme them to stop doing whatever job they were doing and focus only on making more COVID-19 viruses.

Once that cell has produced more viruses than it can hold, the viruses will burst out and attach themselves to neighbouring cells, using them in turn as a platform on which to reproduce and the cycle repeats itself.

This destruction of cells in your nose and throat leads to the dry cough and sore throat. The pain you feel is a sign that your cells are in distress and are being destroyed.

Next comes the fever.

By this time, your immune system has realised there is a foreign body inside you. It has taken until now for this to happen because when a new foreign body enters the body, it takes time for your immune system to recognise it and start the immune response. However, when it does, memory cells are also produced which means if the virus tries again in future, your immune system will respond much quicker.

Chemicals called pyrogens are released by the immune system. These instruct your brain to raise your temperature – giving you a high fever of 37.8 Celcius or higher.

The fever helps the body trigger other parts of your immune system to start working and also creates an unfavourable or hostile environment for the virus. There is an argument that fevers actually help fight infection but because they tend to make us feel unwell, we try to bring them down.

The reason that people are reporting feeling so bad with this virus is the rate at which this particular one duplicates itself and its aggressive ability to invade the body.

Thankfully, the fever, cough and possible sore throat are where the symptoms will end for most people. Within five to seven days your immune system will have responded enough to now be able to destroy the virus and you will recover.

When complications occur

There are, however, some people whose immune systems will not be able to respond as quickly and the virus will continue to spread after this stage. These are people who are immunocompromised or have underlying health conditions.

As the virus duplicates and infects more cells in these people’s bodies, it works its way down the airways towards the lungs. Here it invades the cells in the lungs, making it hard for the lungs to do their job of taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. Therefore, your lungs end up working harder and you will feel short of breath.

This is why coronavirus is associated with breathing difficulties – because the cells responsible for our breathing functions are impaired.

People feel their chest tightening; they are unable to get out of bed as the body needs to conserve energy and general aches and pains take hold as the body diverts all energy resources to fighting the infection.

As the COVID-19 virus attacks more and more parts of the lungs, they become inflamed and can start to fill with fluid and pus – you then have pneumonia.

If the lungs swell further and fill with more fluid, the patient may need a ventilator and, sadly, there is a risk of death if the lungs give up altogether.

Some people have reported diarrhoea as one of their symptoms and that is because the Covid-19 virus may be able to get from your nasal passageways and travel as far as your gut, causing problems there too. Even people with mild symptoms may experience diarrhoea.

This means there is a slight risk of passing the virus on through faeces, something that is being urgently investigated by medical professionals right now.

The situation is evolving all the time and we are learning new things about this virus every day. However, it is important to stress that most people will recover with mild to moderate symptoms and will build an immunity to COVID-19.

[source https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/doctor-note-coronavirus-feel-200323065512541.html]

Gloss Magazine Bribie Islander March 13th 2020 Issue 109

Get all your community news and information. Bribie Islands only community gloss magazine NOW EVERY TWO WEEKS! – Articles on boating, camping, fishing, life, drama, travel destinations, sports and what to see and do on Bribie Island. Covering charities, organisations, places, children’s activities, arts and crafts, tourist destinations, heritage parks, technology, science, music, gardening, and much more.

Australian Bribie Wildlife – Whistling Kite Halaistur Sphenurus

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Whistling Kite. Australian, Queensland, Moreton Bay, Bribie Island native wildlife. Birds.

Whistling Kites are medium-sized raptors commonly seen and heard while soaring above all areas of Bribie Island. Their whistling calls while in flight or perched are an indication that they are present. Much of their time is spent gliding up and down the Pumicestone Passage in the quest for food.

They are easily identified when in flight by large, white M shaped patches under their wings. At the tip of each wing are six long, feathered fingers which are spread out in flight. They are a sandy brownish colour with rather an untidy appearance and a long pale tail extending well past the wingtips when perched.

Males and females are similar in appearance with the female being a little larger at 60cm, with a wingspan of 120-145 cm and weighing up to 1 kg. They are sometimes mistaken for Little Eagles when in flight as the underwing markings are similar. They have been named for their whistling calls.

Habitat is diverse, with Whistling Kites found over most of Australia. Generally, they like to be near water where much of their food is found. They are more common in the northern areas of Australia and are also found in PNG, the Solomon Islands, and New Caledonia. During drought seasons they become nomadic in search of food. Food is obtained by flying and pouncing on prey and is also found on the ground in the form of carrion.

They are opportunistic hunters and scavengers consuming foods such as fish which are swooped upon from the air, crustaceans, small animals, insects, and carrion. Like Black Kites they often feed at rubbish tips and on roadkill. Also, in the company of Black Kites, they are often present hovering over fires to attack small mammals, reptiles, and insects as they try to escape the flames. I was once surprised to see a Whistling Kite eating a large cormorant at the side of a lagoon.

The cormorant looked like a fresh kill. As well as catching their own prey they will sometimes pirate from other birds and scavenge from fishermen. When swooping and snatching up fish, birds or small mammals they must be careful not to choose something that is too heavy.

It is difficult for them to let go once the talons are fixed. If the prey is too large they could be pulled into the water and drown. Breeding takes place usually from March to November with the predominant breeding months in our area being August and September. They may breed 2 or 3 times a year. Nests are large and cumbersome with lined basin-shaped inners, mostly built in tall trees and near water.

These are often used year after year and added to each season, growing larger each year and sometimes reaching 1.5 m across and 1 m deep. Both parents build nests. Clutches of 2-3 blue-white motley eggs are laid which are incubated mostly by the females for about 40 days. When hatched the chicks are covered with white down and fledge at 7-8 weeks. Adult plumage appears at about 12 months.

Along with Black Kites and Brown Falcons, they are sometimes known as “Firebirds” because of the belief that they pick up burning sticks to drop and start new fires to flush out fresh prey. Whistling Kites appear to have benefited from forest clearing and farming as they prefer to hunt their prey in open areas. Conservation status at this time is secure.


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THE ROAD LESS TRAVELLED

Fire is not a gentle master!

It is 17 years since my husband, son, golden retriever, Charlie, and I survived the Firestorm that hit Canberra on Saturday 18 January 2003. This was the worst natural disaster to ever strike the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). As I write this, a state of emergency has been declared in the ACT due to the threat of fires surrounding Canberra. This declaration has bought back memories of that very hot January day in 2003.

The 2003 Canberra bushfires caused severe damage to the suburbs and surrounding land of the ACT during 18–22 January 2003. Almost 70% of the ACT’s nature reserves, pastures, and pine plantations were badly damaged and most of the Mount Stromlo Observatory was destroyed. After burning for a week around the edges of the ACT, the fires entered the suburbs of Canberra on 18 January 2003.

Over the next ten hours, four people died, more than 490 people were injured, and 470 homes were destroyed or severely damaged. At that time we were living in Chapman, one of the eight residential suburbs of Weston Creek. The District of Weston Creek is situated about 13 kilometres southwest of the Canberra City Centre. Chapman, Rivett, Duffy and Holder, the worst-affected suburbs of the 2003 fires, are situated adjacent to the large Stromlo Pine Plantation which was completely destroyed in the fires.

The sound of exploding pine trees, the complete darkness at 4 pm on a hot dry summer’s afternoon, the smoke, floating embers and the height of the approaching firewall are still very vivid in my mind. Michael and I were at home when a friend rang just after 2.00 pm to see if we were alright. Ron had heard an emergency radio broadcast listing Chapman, Duffy, Holder, and Rivett as at risk in the approaching fire.

It was a 40-degree dry hot day and we were inside in air-conditioned comfort, sitting in an east-facing room. When we went outside and looked to the west we couldn’t believe the scene – fire, smoke, and embers, plus the sound of exploding pines and gums. Then we heard “Elvis” the helicopter, flying over and dropping water on the fires. We turned on ABC 666 radio and listened to the emergency instructions. The station closed down normal programs and just gave a continual update.

On that Saturday afternoon, the radio announcer was a calming influence and provided a lifeline. She kept repeating important information about the location of Evacuation Centres, how to prepare your home and when to leave. I will always be grateful to ABC 666, especially since January is usually a quiet time in Canberra. Parliament is not sitting and many public servants take holidays as it is also the long school holiday break. Many Canberra businesses, including Radio Stations, work with a skeleton staff.

Those announcers who were on duty had to work long hours to provide emergency coverage. Our son Tim was playing cricket for his Weston Creek team in Woden and I rang him to tell him to come home. He said he had just called an end to the game because it was so dark where he was you couldn’t see the ball! He was a bit annoyed because he was 40 not out and on a roll!

Michael and our next-door neighbour started hosing down our houses and putting embers out on houses across the road. When Tim arrived home he got up on the roof and watered everything down. I started packing the two cars. Between 3.00 and 3.30 pm the first houses were lost in Eucumbene Drive Duffy, which had pine forests across the road. We lost power around this time. Around 4.00 pm Police and Emergency Services came down our street with a loud hailer calling out ‘Evacuate Now.’

It was quite surreal and eerie – like a scene from an apocalyptic movie. Looking back up to the west of our street we could see the fire raging. Embers and small sparks seemed to be coming at us in the strong wind like we see tracer bullets in a movie. Gas bottles were exploding and the local Rivett petrol station had already caught fire. This was all accentuated as it was very dark and all you could hear was the police loudspeakers and “Elvis” flying over.

Tim and Charlie left in his car and Michael and I in ours. We joined the long queue of cars driving through the reddish tinged darkness to the Evacuation Centre in Woden. We picked up a man walking out with all his possessions in one suitcase. The Evacuation Centre was crowded and wouldn’t take animals, so we drove into the underground car park of my Office and parked our cars, and Charlie, there until we could sort out emergency accommodation.

We survived and I am proud of how calm the three of us were, unlike many around us. Our house survived with only minor damage (ash and embers had seeped in through bathroom and toilet vents and we had to throw out a freezer full of frozen food that had perished without electricity) but we couldn’t move back in for five days. I remember walking around my devastated neighbourhood and calculating that the last house to burn in our Street was less than 500 metres from our home.

If it had not been for a change in wind direction which turned the fire up the hill our home would have been lost. Funny thoughts do go through your mind – one concerned having a cup of tea. The fact the electricity was “out” didn’t register until you thought about it. But, being there in total darkness, due to the smoke, at 3 pm, made you lose your sense of reality.

Subsequent inquiries into the 2003 bushfires, including the Roche report, the McLeod inquiry, and the Coroner’s Report, identified poor management of the initial response to the four fires that started as a result of lightning strikes in New South Wales on 8 January as a key contributor to the disaster that occurred on 18 January 2003. Also, Researchers have confirmed that the first fire tornado was observed during these 2003 fires.

Perhaps the saddest aspect of it all – notwithstanding the fires and loss – was after we returned, having people cruising the area – either sightseeing or offering to buy burnt out blocks from those coming to terms with their losses. You truly see the very best and the very worst of human nature in these times. Thankfully the worst was confined to a very, very small minority.

The funniest aspect? Well, we’d always had a disaster emergency plan for such things. It contained a list of “must take with us” items. Passports, Birth Certificates, important documents, photos, jewellery, mementos, etc. As we drove away I remembered that I had left the plan with the Passports and Documents. However, we had taken the things that really mattered – ourselves, our dog, precious photos and mementos.

Today we still laugh about how we thought we were so prepared and forgot all our important documents. On Friday 31 January 2020 ACT Chief Minister, Andrew Barr, declared a state of emergency in the ACT. A state of emergency is the strongest possible signal the ACT government can send to the community to prepare for the worst. It gives the ACT Emergency Services Agency Commissioner, Georgeina Whelan, the authority to coordinate resources across the ACT government to respond to the developing threat of fire to Canberra properties.

This time the authorities appear to be better prepared. In 2003, instead of urging residents to leave the area, they asked us to return to our homes and prepare for the coming fire front. And, at first, a senior emergency services official resisted police efforts to declare a state of emergency, which would allow police to forcibly evacuate residents. Fires can happen in any community.

I must admit feeling uneasy last year when the fires broke out along Sunderland Drive. And I did go and check that our Disaster Plan was with our important documents! So from personal experience, the best advice I can give is to prepare your home, by hosing down, put water in your roof gutters if you can, make water available for the firefighters and leave early. Material goods are replaceable – even your documents – lives are not.


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HELLY’S CELEBRITIES OF THE 20TH CENTURY – Peter Sellers

THE BEST LAID PLANS OF MICE AND MEN…

PETER SELLERS’ films brought laughter and happiness to millions, but in real life, he had more than his share of heartbreak with broken marriages and failed love affairs. Bard Robert Burns’ 1786 proverb “The best-laid plans of mice and men….”

Oh yes, when it goes wrong, it flattens you like a tornado. Having been friends with Peter since the ’60s, through interviewing him about his films like THE PINK PANTHER movies, a HITLER SPOOF, visiting his home on various occasions, exchanging letters and being introduced by him to Liza Minnelli, I was as much distressed as my last feature had, apparently, upset Peter. But it was not my fault.

Woman Magazine published my latest Sellers interview six months after it had been submitted in 1974. And that exact same publication week at the end of April 1975, Peter broke up with the partner about whom he had spoken so lovingly and passionately in that interview. Peter was well known for never controlling his tantrums, whether it was family, friends or work. But I had never been at the brunt of it before.

So, after receiving his “let’s talk about caterpillars letter” (see attached), and finding a delightful caterpillar greeting card, I phoned the London Natural History Museum, obtaining info on a particular caterpillar. Hence my reply, (attached) including “Did you know that Malacosoma Neustria sunbakes on the outside of his silken tent-like web and feeds exclusively on hawthorn.” All was forgiven.

But when I next saw Peter in his home, the comic genius, yet a serious man in private, was in a very depressed mood. Trying to cheer him up, I gave the wrong impression by saying it upset me to see him like this because I cared what happened to him. Big mistake! He took it romantically and the harder I tried to get out of it, the worse it sounded. I loved Peter’s incomparable talent, his company, and vitality, his sense of humour and achievement, but he never appealed to me as a man.

So I made a rather hasty exit to get back home to my toddler. Peter at this time had already had previous heart attacks, and four years later, at the young age of 54 in 1980 this bright star of some 60 movies, Including, DR. STRANGELOVE, THE PARTY, THE MILLIONAIRESS, THERE’S A GIRL IN MY SOUP, and his last and most brilliant 1979 film, BEING THERE with Shirley MacLaine (for which he received an Academy Award Nomination) – Peter lost the battle.

For a moment the world stood still in shock and disbelief.

Keywords

Peter Sellers. actors. famous people. celebrities.


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My Bribie

Sue Wighton is a Brisbane writer and frequent Bribie visitor, who wrote weekly opinion pieces for the Courier-Mail from 2011 to 2014. Sue is keen to contribute regularly to the Bribie Islander, sharing her observations both serious and amusing. She has been known to bake.

I’ve been visiting Bribie for about 25 years. This daggy, lovely little island and I have become great friends. How did this friendship begin? Like most friendships, there was a chance meeting and a sense that we have much in common. An old mate (let’s call her ‘J’) has a house on Bribie.

This place has been in her family for a couple of generations. It’s not flash but it’s comfortable. In fact, it’s where her grandparents lived for many years. Her grandma had a gift cum haberdashery shop. Haberdashery – now there’s a word you don’t hear much these days! The house is well stocked with crockery and linen from Grandma’s shop. In fact, it looks like Grannie just popped next door for a cuppa and never came back. When my marriage went south, I headed north.

Here was the chance meeting with Bribie that would blossom into a lifelong love affair. Visiting the island became a welcome antidote to the grind of single parenting. And I wasn’t the only one. My memories of those days are of lots of women, some single, some partnered, but many of us failed wives with children in tow – converging on this island sanctuary, thanks to J’s unfailing generosity.

My dear dad dubbed us Bribie girls the Failed Wives Club. We swam in the benevolent waters of Bribie Island, chronically ignored our own kids, cogitated over cryptic crosswords, gossiped about absent failed wives and disappointing men, drank wine, rode bikes along the dappled Bribie bike path, cooked, drank more wine, ate ice-creams and generally had a lovely time. There’s something reassuring and heavenly about the downright dagginess of Bribie that I love. Who wants a world where everything is designer slick?

Daggy is being natural and enjoying some of life’s simpler pleasures. Sitting under the back verandah of my friend’s house at Bribie eating ice blocks with the sprinkler cooling our toes. Now that’s my idea of Heaven. Over the years, these Failed Wives Club visits became a tradition, with major holidays seeing a bunch of women and kids descend on J’s place – trailing eskies, beach towels, boogie boards, soft toys, and books.

Such wonderful times. As the years passed, some failed wives acquired partners – a motley crew of Failed Wives Club associate members. So baritone voices augmented the female chorus as we idled away the hours on beds and lounges strewn about the place. Nowadays the children have grown and moved away – all the better for the indolent ignoring by their single parents and the undivided attention of a bevy of kindly ‘aunties’ on these languid Bribie weekends.

The friendships forged in those regular visits remain strong. We all still visit on high holidays, sharing stories, old and new, our sorrows, our joys and of course delicious food. At Easter, it’s Di’s fish pie. Lamb roast lovingly prepared by one of our associate members is always a weekend crowd pleaser.

Rumbledy-thumps for breakfast. (Don’t ask.) And the Australia Day weekend wouldn’t be the same without Henk’s pies and mushy peas. The writer, PD James reckoned that ‘every island, to a child, is a treasure island’. She was absolutely right. I hope I never grow up.

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EDIBLE NATIVE PLANT LIST SUNSHINE COAST REGION Part 1

Everyone is familiar with easy-to-grow edible plants such as mint, rosemary, thyme, and other herbs, but did you know there are a range of native Australian plants that are also edible and can be easily grown at home? These plants are versatile and flavoursome and can be incorporated into a variety of modern dishes.

Syzyguim luehmannii SMALL LEAVED LILLY PILLY OR RIBERRY

edible plants berries sunshine coast - SMALL LEAVED LILLY PILLY RIBERRYThe attractive red fruit of this ornamental small tree is a popular ingredient in many wild food dishes. It is now being harvested commercially.

Eugenia reinwardtiana BEACH CHERRY

edible plants berries sunshine coast - beach cherry

The bright red fruit of this small shrub ripens between August and March. It is good to eat, being succulent and sweet.

Diospyros ferrea SEA EBONY

edible plants berries sunshine coast - sea ebonyEdible, sweet-tasting, deep red fruit which ripens in summer

Syzygium Australe edible plants berries sunshine coast syzyglum australe

 

With its purplish fruit one of the best of the Lilly Pilly group. It can be eaten raw or as a jam.

Freycinetia Scandens CREEK SANDPAPERS FIG

edible plants berries sunshine coast creek sandpapers figBright red fruit resembling strawberries ripens in winter. It is eaten raw.rigines to give a smooth finish to their weapons.

Dianella congesta – FLAX LILLY

edible plants berries sunshine coast flax lillyThe shiny, dark blue berries are edible. Aborigines ate the roots after pounding and roasting them on hot rocks. They used the fibre from the tough leaves to make baskets and nets.

Acronychia Imperforta FRASER ISLAND APPLE

edible plants berries sunshine coast fraser island appleJuicy bright orange fruit which ripens in Winter and Spring, have a sharp-tasting edible flesh. This is a hardy, ornamental shrub or small tree for the seaside garden.

Austromyrtus Dulcis MIDYIM

edible plants berries sunshine coast midyamOccurring in sandy coastal areas of Northern NSW and Southern QLD. This small shrub produces pretty white flowers in spring and summer. These are followed by edible, mauve white speckled berries which are quite delicious.

Alpinia caerulea NATIVE GINGER

edible plants berries sunshine coast native gingerAll parts of this plant are edible, raw or cooked. The pulp of the blue fruit is pleasantly acidic and the seed is ginger flavoured. Aborigines wrapped the leaves around meat to be cooked in an earthen oven. The young root tips are gingery and tender.

Carpobrotus glaucescens PIG FACE

edible plants berries sunshine coast pig faceFruits of this fleshy creeper of the sand dunes ripen in Summer and autumn. They have a delicious salty-apple flavour.

Cordyline manners suttoniae A PALM LILLY

edible plants berries sunshine coast palm lillyOccurring in sandy coastal areas of Northern NSW and South-ern QLD. This small shrub produces pretty white flowers in spring and summer. These are followed by edible, mauve white speckled berries which are quite delicious.

Ficus coronata CREEK SANDPAPER FIG

edible plants berries sunshine coast creek sandpapers fig darkThe dark purple fruit is very tasty when fully ripe. Peel off the hairy skin before eating the soft, pulpy seed mass. The sandpapery leaves were used by aborigines to give a smooth finish to their weapons.

Planchonia careya COCKY APPLE

edible plants berries sunshine coast cocky appleA common tree of northern eucalypt forests. Aborigines ate the large, green, egg-shaped fruit roasted or raw. Bark and roots were pounded to use a fish poison. Strong fibre from the bark was spun to make string for nets and belts.

Microcitrus australisica FINGER LIME

edible plants berries sunshine coast finger limeGreen cylindrical fruit with a similar flavour to round limes.

Davidsonia pruriens DAVIDSON’S PLUM

edible plants berries sunshine coast davidsones plumThe purple egg shape fruit ripens in Autumn. It has a tangy flavour and is delicious stewed with sugar. Good for jam and winemaking.

Pleiogynium timorense BUDEKIN PLUM

edible plants berries sunshine coast budekin plumThe purple-black fruit is edible when completely ripe and fallen to the ground. Aborigines buried the fruit in sand until it was ready to eat. An excellent jam is made from the fruit.

Planchonella australis BLACK APPLE

edible plants berries sunshine coast black appleThe dark purple fruit is very tasty when fully ripe. Peel off the hairy skin before eating the soft, pulpy seed mass. The sandpapery leaves were used by aborigines to give a smooth finish to their weapons.

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Bribie History – How it was in the 1920’s

Tags: History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s

WALK IN OLD BRIBIE

This article looks into life on Bribie Island in 1920 and is an invitation to come on a free HERITAGE WALK with me in March or May.

The attached poster shows the dates of our next four Heritage Walks, which are free but with limited numbers, and you MUST book online at the web site moretonbay.qld.gov.au/healthy-active.

Tags History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s (13)These guided walks give an insight into the history and lifestyle of early Bribie, and an appreciation of some pioneer residents and buildings. Here are some edited extracts from various Brisbane newspapers of 1924, 1926, 1929 and 1930, with some Photos inserted from our Historical database. This is my favourite Photo from our Database of Bongaree foreshore in 1920.

Tags History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s (1)
Bongaree Foreshore 1920

THE CHARMS OF BRIBIE ISLAND.

The Daily Mail- 29 March 1924. By Phoebe Kirwan.

For years, I intended going to Bribie and always put off the visit, but recently seeing the charming island, I confess that for years I have deprived myself of a very pleasurable visit. The delightful quaintness, the wild beauty of her bush, and the charm of her long white-sanded beach, I have taken her unto my affection for all time. Numbers of folk of all shades and colours from the pure aboriginal to the scarlet sunburnt holidaying townsfolk, added variety to the scene whilst the vendors of the fine fish, vegetables, fruit, meat, etc., plied their trade.

Behind us lay the thick, fragrant treed bush, and the long road in course of construction, leading to the main beach three miles from the wharf, a road which will give access to the finest beach in Australia, facing Cape Moreton, and which for surfing and pleasurable facilities is unexcelled.

A slow, plodding team of bullocks ploughed through the heavy, broken tracks, bearing the materials for the road making, adding their quota to picturesque interest to the scene. For 30 miles, the island offers delightful possibilities, and in her virgin wildness, for there are few houses erected, there is an atmosphere of peace and quiet, very grateful to those seeking tranquillity. May she come into her heritage.

Tags History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s (1)
Temporary Road Building Jetty

BRIBIE SPELLHEALTH and HAPPINESS

The Brisbane Courier -23 November 1926

For generations, Bribie has fascinated Queenslanders, just as for centuries it threw a spell over the aborigines, who believed that the island was the haunt of good spirits, who used their magic to aid their sick or ailing descendants. The pretty settlement, which has grown up near the wharf where the steamers from Brisbane berth, is generally called Bribie, but its real name is Bongaree. Over 50 houses have been erected at Bongaree during the last 12 months, and on the ocean beach a large number of houses have been built within the same period, and about 15 more are being constructed. The last-named are the property of the Government.

They were formerly at Beerburrum Settlement, but when the soldiers were placed elsewhere the cottages were dismantled, and the timber in some of them was brought to the island. This village on the beach is called Woorim. It is a picturesque spot, and one feels that he could be happy here for an indefinite period.

There are now 170 houses on Bribie, and the community feels that the time has arrived for it to direct its own affairs. There is dissatisfaction that it has not even a representative in the Caboolture Council and that it has no knowledge how its civic affairs stand. The residents believe that the money raised in rates on a property on the island should be spent on improvements there.

ATTRACTIONS FOR HOLIDAYMAKERS

The Brisbane Courier – 30 October 1929, By Chas Wise of Wamuran

The first thing I noticed on landing was a newly erected, tiled-roofed building at the end of the jetty, which has been built by the Tug Company for use as a fish and oyster shop by Mr J. Campbell. Facing the Esplanade were some good boarding houses, several new residences and weekend cottages, while the Amateur Fishermen’s Association had excellent accommodation for its members.

Tags History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s (1)
Oyster Kiosk Jetty

Returning along the seafront, we passed the kiosk and dining rooms, the property of the Tug Company, where good fish and oyster lunches were obtainable. Facing the beach stood the 12 huts built by the Tug Company for letting purposes. On the right were two splendid new tennis courts and an inviting bowling green.

Beyond the Bowling Green was the pavilion erected for the use of visitors as a dance hall and general place of amusement. Retracing my steps across the Tug Company’s Reserve we passed Arthur Bestmann’s general store where necessities for campers, visitors, and residents could be obtained. A fine building also had been erected for Church of England services at a cost I was informed, of more than 1000 Pounds.

NOVELTY GARDENS

Tags History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s (1)
Bestmanns Store

The next items of interest were the novelty gardens, created by Mr R. J. Davies. There were to be seen many handsome and some grotesque figures, grown and formed out of cypress pines. Behind Mr Davies’ house were seen some rough-leaved pineapples, which compared favourably with mainland crops.

THE SURFING BEACH

A run to the outer beach, three miles distant, was made by motor bus. Facing the ocean was a fine roomy kiosk where lunches and teas could be procured at all times. Several shelters for the public had been erected on the crest of the sandhills by the Tug Company.

Tags History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s (1)On the day of the visit to Woorim township, as the outer beach is officially named, a strong northwesterly wind was blowing straight from the open ocean at the north end of Moreton Island, causing heavy rollers to break upon the beautiful white beach which extends northwards for some miles. Surf bathers here enjoy themselves to the full, and at holiday times, members of lifesaving clubs were always on the lookout.

CYPRESS PINE POSSIBILITIES.

Brisbane Courier 21 June 1930. By Thos. J. Mcmahon. Bribie Island

Tags History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s (1)
Woorum Surf Club

Apart from being a popular seaside resort, has agricultural possibilities, especially regarding the propagation of cypress pine trees, which thrive well all over the island. The first settlement of Bribie Island may be traced to the earliest days of Brisbane, when Bribie Passage, the deep and narrow stretch of water between the island and the mainland, had become notable as one of the best fishing grounds of Moreton Bay.

Eventually, several fishermen took up their residence on the island and forwarded supplies of fish to the Brisbane markets. To some extent, this fishing is still important, large quantities of fish being sent to Brisbane every week. For many years Bribie has been popular with campers, and particularly with amateur fishermen. Visitors to Bribie know that it is one of the few seaside resorts where fish can be purchased in all seasons, fresh and cheap.

PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENT

Tags History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s (8)A little more than 15 years ago, an old settler states, scarcely a dozen persons were permanent residents of the island. But today there is the cosy little township of Bongaree, the settlement facing the mainland and Bribie Passage, with a large number of permanent settlers, stores, a newsagency, two churches, a State School with 25 children, a hall, a sports club, at least half-a-dozen boarding-houses, many cottages, including a row of small cottages along the Passage beach, popularly known as “The Twelve Apostles,” a bowling green, and tennis courts.

FROM PASSAGE TO MAIN BEACH

Bill Shirley runs a fleet of five comfortable motor buses between the settlements at the Passage and on the Main Beach and has carried as many as 2000 passengers in a day. He also runs pleasant trips along the beaches and claims that the trips are the cheapest motor trips in the world. Bribie is holding its own well and there is not the least doubt that it will always be popular with large numbers of persons many of whom consistently visit the island at weekends and on holidays.

AGRICULTURAL AND PASTORAL

Almost from the earliest days of its settlement, Bribie has been used for the grazing of cattle, and at one time the island carried many hundreds of sheep. While the natural pastures would scarcely be considered of fattening value, the fact remains that cattle can be seen that are in really good condition… At any rate, Mr Cotterill is enterprisingly carrying on dairy farming and is supplying the island settlers with milk

TUG COMPANY’S ENTERPRISE

Tags History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s (1)
12 Apostle Huts

No account of Bribie would be complete without reference to the energy and enterprise of the Brisbane Tug and Steamship Co., Ltd., which has been responsible for much of the progress on the island. The company maintains a regular service with the two popular steamers, which are speedy and comfortable, and the run from Brisbane to Bribie is one of the most pleasant and cheapest in the Commonwealth…

The future of Bribie appears to be rosy, and if progress is maintained at the rate of the past few years, it will not be long before it will be one of the most prosperous settlements within easy reach of the metropolis.

Tags History. Bribie Island. Moreton Bay. Queensland. Australia 1920s (1)
Bowling Green & Tennis Court

BRIBIE HISTORICAL SOCIETY

If you would like to experience more of this come on one of the guided Heritage Walks. The Historical Society also has monthly public meetings at the RSL Club on the second Wednesday of each month commencing at 6; 30pm. with interesting guest speakers on a wide range of topics. You can see many more photos and articles on our Blog Site at http://bribieislandhistory.blogspot.com or contact us on [email protected]

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Next to the Lap of Luxury – Nikita Chee

Dear Island-friends, Recent wet-weather events have been, in-part, inspiring to the personal development of interesting new thoughts and habits. Oh, and everything is looking so lush, green and healthy! Are we not blessed with the belongings of subtropical climate? As well, recent endeavours along Welsby Parade have caught me up in visions of whitecapped passage and white, rocking sail-ships (and the odd ‘Marooned’ one too) upon the rough greywaters.

Sometimes the little scenes I pass by make me feel rather surreal. How delightful it is to live on our sandy shores. Anyway, back to the development of interesting new thoughts and habits. So, one day a few weeks back I noticed our little Wi-Fi modem had, well, blown up. Upon ringing our provider, I found that the only thing we could do was purchase a new one and upon ringing JB HIFI I found it had been a common thing of late, what with all the storms, that modems have been blowing up.

Very long story short, I’m in the process of waiting for a completely new set up, which means no phone nor internet for a while. Besides that, I have also chosen to put away my mobile for a time so all in all I’ve entered into a sort of unplanned tech-detox. To tell you all the truth, I don’t miss it. Not yet anyway. In fact, it’s been rather pleasant and I feel purified. Moreover, I’ve found there’s something that kick starts in you when one daily habit changes for the better.

I don’t know if you’ve ever experienced this Islanders, but often, if I eat something really healthy and clean in one meal sitting, I feel repulsed at eating something the opposite in the next. It’s like if I do, I have spoiled the clean eating experience altogether. Well, it is not any different if you improve a daily habit. One improvement kick-starts another and before you know it you’re a changed person! Basically, it went something like this for didn’t need much but the fundamental needs in life.

And, instead of indulging in the lap of luxury, you were sitting beside it. Being restricted in one area of my life, heightened my appreciation in other areas. Because I not only found productivity out of the restriction but also enjoyment, I realised something. Just because we have access to luxury (as I feel a lot of what we take for granted in the West, a lot that we just expect as part of normal daily lives, would seem so luxurious in poorer countries) doesn’t mean we have to or should partake in them.

At least, partake so often as we do. I feel that a lot of social stress comes from keeping up a lifestyle that demands luxury. Luxury meaning: being in a state of great comfort, gratification and excess.

1. I mean, right now as I write I have both a lamp and overhead light on, *gets up and turns one light off*. What’s more, is we are so used to our comforts; so, used to them are we that at the slightest inkling of change we ruffle our feathers and seem very displeased. What stink behaviour! However good it is to nurture one’s self and be nestled and safe when the eye shuts, nothing excuses our consumer behaviour.

21st-century living has two foes: more, more more and feel good, feel good, feel good. More will forever shout at you and feel good likes you only when it wants then abandons you when it’s done. Both push you around, both are abusive, both are controlling. Speaking of control…

Dearest Islanders, I believe we can do without many things. Already you have great minds, abilities and hearts within you to live driven and fulfilling lives on this planet. Many of us already have the ingredients for success within reach, but there’s someone out there deceiving us to believe otherwise. They tell us we do not have it, (whatever it is) and that whatever it is, lies beyond our reach (and in the pockets of others).

In 1928, Edward Bersnay, well known for his work in public relations, said: “The conscious and intelligent manipulation of organized habits and the opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society…We are governed, our minds are moulded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of,”

2. An unpleasant thought and a terrible fact if those in leadership are not good men. The empowering thing is, we do have a will and we do have a choice. Our freedom lies within choices that are healthy and regenerative and if they are good for us, they are also good for the planet.

However hard the escape from more, more, more’s and feel good, feel good, feel good’s sticky, controlling, a matrix of a web, you can become free. Take one good decision, reinvent one habit at a time and see yourself change into the strong man or woman you are to become. Blessings to you my dear island friends, Nikita.

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THE PURSUIT OF PEACE

Mental Health – UNDERSTANDING WORTHLESSNESS